It is usually spread by eating or drinking something contaminated with the hepatitis a virus. To diagnose hepatitis, your health care provider will ask you about your medical history and symptoms, do a physical exam, and order blood tests. Hepatitis symptoms include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fever, weakness, tiredness, and abdominal pain. There are three major types of hepatitis, and all of them affect your liver. This digital version of the 20142016 action plan for the prevention, care, and treatment of viral hepatitis originally released in spring 2014 was updated march 2015. They all affect the liver and have similar symptoms, but transmission and treatments. Hav, hbv, and hcv are the more common types of viral hepatitis found in the us population 26.
Toxic hepatitis is caused by chemicals, drugs prescription and overthecounter and nutritional supplements. Pdf relationship between uveitis, different types of viral. If your doctor tells you that youve got hepatitis, youll need to find out which type hes talking about. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 3. Overview of acute viral hepatitis liver and gallbladder. The abcs of hepatitis fact sheet viral hepatitis home. Acute viral hepatitis is a systemic infection affecting the liver predominantly. Cold, flu, stomach and hepatitis viruses are among the most common types of human viruses encountered worldwide. Hepatitis viruses medical microbiology ncbi bookshelf.
Doctors treat hepatitis c with antiviral medicines that attack the virus and can cure the disease in most cases. A coinfection occurs when you get both hepatitis d and hepatitis b infections at the same time. Symptoms of all types of viral hepatitis are similar and can include one or more of the following. Initially, hbv strains were classified into four sero.
There are at least six different types of hepatitis ag, with the three most common types being hepatitis a, hepatitis b and hepatitis c. Overview of viral hepatitis addressing viral hepatitis. Some of the symptoms are similar, but they have different treatments. Its commonly caused by a viral infection, but there are other possible causes of hepatitis. It bears a high risk of developing chronic hepatitis. The hepatitis d virus is unusual because it can only infect you when you also have a hepatitis b virus infection.
Researchers have discovered several different viruses that cause hepatitis, including hepatitis a, b, c. Hepatitis a is an acute infection and people usually improve without treatment. The most common cause of hepatitis is infection with a virus. Hepatitis has a broad spectrum of presentations that range from a complete lack of symptoms to severe liver failure. National viral hepatitis action plan for 20172020 action plan uses this knowledge and these tools to prevent new infections, improve the lives of people living with viral hepatitis, and chart a course toward elimination of these public health threats.
May 09, 2017 hepatitis refers to an inflammatory condition of your liver. Hepatitis a, hepatitis b, hepatitis c, hepatitis d, and hepatitis e are all found in the u. Jaundice fever fatigue loss of appetite nausea vomiting abdominal pain joint pain dark urine claycolored stool diarrhea hav only likelihood of. Hepatitis c is most commonly spread by exposure to contaminated blood or needles. Hepatitis d hepatitis d is caused by the hepatitis d virus or delta virus. In the united states, viral hepatitis is usually caused by the hepatitis a, b, or c virus. Types of viral hepatitis national institute on drug. Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory diseased state of the liver caused by various viruses, namely hepatitis a hav, hbv, hcv, hepatitis d, and hepatitis e. Pdf incidence and types of acute viral hepatitis in. Hepatitis viruses are the most common cause of hepatitis in the world but other infections, toxic substances e. Substance use disorders suds do not cause viral hepatitis, but people can contract or spread some types of viral hepatitis by sharing needles and other. Hepatitis c virus is associated with chronic liver disease and also with primary liver. Hepatitis g hepatitis g is the most recently discovered type of viral hepatitis. Strategic information for viral hepatitis tools for countries to collect, manage, analyze and use strategic information for viral hepatitis.
Hepatitis b is a serious viral disease of the liver transmitted through parenteral or mucosal exposure to the blood or body fluids semen, vaginal secretions, and saliva of an infected person. The most common hepatitis viruses are types a, b, and c. Hepatitis b hepatitis b is caused by the hepatitis b virus hbv. Viral hepatitis is primarily diagnosed through blood tests for levels of viral antigens such as the hepatitis b surface or core antigen, anti viral antibodies such as the anti hepatitis b surface antibody or anti hepatitis a antibody, or viral dnarna. The severity of symptoms and speed of recovery vary considerably, depending on the particular virus and on the persons response to the infection.
The acute form of hepatitis, generally caused by viral infection, is characterized by constitutional symptoms that are typically selflimiting. Symptoms for hepatitis care similar to other types of hepatitis, and like hepatitis b, a blood test is needed for diagnosis. Viral hepatitis types b and c can cause chronic hepatitis. Viral hepatitis is a systemic infection in which virus infects the liver cells, causing biochemical and cellular changes and interfering with. If symptoms occur, you might experience any or all of the following. Pdf the biology and pathogenesis of hepatitis viruses. Important forms of hepatitis to be discussed include hepatitis a hav, hepatitis b hbv, hepatitis c hcv. Most people who have hepatitis c develop a chronic infection. While all these viruses affect the liver, they are spread in different ways and have different treatments. The incubation period of hepatitis b virus ranges from 6 weeks to 6 months, with average of 120 days.
This type wont lead to longterm infection and usually doesnt cause any complications. The virus can survive outside of the body for up to four days. Viral hepatitis is caused by a virus and can either be acute lasting less than six months or chronic lasting more than six months. They all affect the liver and have similar symptoms, but transmission and treatments differ. The hepatitis g virus is an rna virus that is similar to the hepatitis c virus. The most common types of viral hepatitis in australia are hepatitis a, b and c. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. Viral hepatitis refers to hepatitis caused by a few specific viruses that primarily attack the liver. While all three types of hepatitis can cause similar symptoms, each virus is spread in different ways. Inflammation is swelling that occurs when tissues of the body become injured or infected.
The most common types of hepatitis can be prevented or treated. The most common types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis a, hepatitis b, and hepatitis c. The biology and pathogenesis of hepatitis viruses article pdf available in current science 983. To diagnose hepatitis, your health care provider will ask you about your medical history and symptoms, do. The liver, which is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, performs many vital functions.
Viral diseases 49 hepatitis a does not develop a chronic state although about 15 percent of pa. Hepatitis a is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis a virus. Human viruses cause a variety of maladies, depending on the virus type and the tissues infected. Recovery from an acute infection provides lifelong protection against a future exposure to hav. Viral diseases viral hepatitis introduction hepatitis literally means inflammation of the liver. This section focuses on viral hepatitis, infection caused by a group of viruses that primarily affect the liver. This virus is unique, because in order to multiply, the hepatitis b virus must also be present. Viral hepatitis is a systemic disease with primary inflammation of the liver by any one of a heterogeneous group of hepatotropic viruses. Infection with this more recently identified virus is common in many countries. Hepatitis e hepatitis e is a viral hepatitis liver inflammation caused by infection with a virus called hepatitis e virus hev. The five types of hepatitis southern nevada health district. There also have been scores of recorded cases of viral hepatitis caused by herpes simplex virus.
Different types of hepatitis are spread different ways, including having sex, sharing needles, or eating unclean food. Department veterans health administration hepatitis a hepatitis b hepatitis c a virus that causes sickness to. Each of these types of hepatitis is caused by a different virus. The most common causes of viral hepatitis are five hepatotropic viral agents table 1. Symptoms of hepatitis are universal, regardless if caused by an infectious agent or chronic condition, and can include fatigue, anorexia, abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, jaundice. Type of viral hepatitis mode of transmission prevention hepatitis a hav transmitted through contaminated food and water. Almost all cases of acute viral hepatitis are caused by one of five viral agents. Relationship between uveitis, different types of viral hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. Hepatitis refers to an inflammatory condition of your liver. Chronic hepatitis can lead to a liver disease called cirrhosis, and it is also a major cause of liver cancer. There are five different viruses which can cause five different types of hepatitis.
I am proud to say i am at almost a month free of bingeing and purging. Effective treatments for hepatitis c are available but costly. Viral hepatitis is an infection that affects the liver. Viral hepatitis is an infection of the liver caused by. Viral hepatitis is the most common type of liver disease worldwide, including in the united states. Are gay and bisexual men at risk for viral hepatitis.
A superinfection occurs if you already have chronic hepatitis b and then become infected with hepatitis d. Mar 19, 2020 the most common types of viral hepatitis are a, b, and c. Overview of viral hepatitis addressing viral hepatitis in. Do not share razors, toothbrushes, or needles practice safe sex. The severity of viral illnesses ranges from mild to lethal. Not only does viral hepatitis carry a high morbidity, but it also stresses medical resources. They include hepatitis a, hepatitis b, and hepatitis c. Both hepatitis b and hepatitis c increase a persons risk for liver cancer. Non viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can cause scarring on the liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure and death. Substance use disorders suds do not cause viral hepatitis, but people can contract or spread some types of viral hepatitis by sharing needles and other drug paraphernalia. Hepatitis refers to an inflammatory condition of the liver. Department veterans health administration hepatitis a hepatitis b hepatitis c a virus that causes sickness to the liver goes away in about 2 months a virus that causes sickness to the liver usually goes away after several months if it does not go away, it can cause. Good personal hygiene and proper sanitation can help prevent hepatitis a.
Viral hepatitis symptoms are similar no matter which type of hepatitis you have. Types of viral hepatitis national institute on drug abuse. Viral hepatitis can be spread from person to person. These include autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis that occurs as a secondary result of medications, drugs, toxins, and alcohol. Aug 18, 2019 hepatitis c is caused by the virus hcv. Hepatitis, inflammation of the liver, can be caused by viruses, bacteria, and other microorganisms, toxic chemicals, alcohol, and other drugs, but viral hepatitis is the most common cause of hepatitis. There are five known hepatitis viruses which are categorized by the letters a through e. These viruses can spread through food, water, infected blood, and bodily fluids. All these human hepatitis viruses are rna viruses, except for hepatitis b, which is. A comparison of three types of viral hepatitis keywords. Injection drug use idu is the primary way of contracting hepatitis c, and people who use substances are at risk for contracting other forms of viral hepatitis. Mar 27, 2020 hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. The type of hepatitis is named for the virus that causes it. Although hepatitis e often causes an acute and selflimiting infection in that it usually goes away by itself and the patient recovers with low mortality rates.
It is spread the same way as hepatitis b, through contact with an infected persons blood, semen, or body fluid see above. Some types of viral hepatitis can be spread through sexual contact. Viral infections of the liver that are classified as hepatitis include hepatitis a, b, c, d, and e. Viral hepatitis is an infection of the liver by a virus. In the united states, the most common types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis a, hepatitis b, and hepatitis c. The virus is primarily spread when an uninfected and unvaccinated person ingests food or water that is. Viral hepatitis an introduction hepatitis, or inflammation of the liver, can be caused by several very different viruses. Reference to the hepatitis viruses often occurs in an abbreviated form for example, hav, hbv, hcv. Viral hepatitis is an infection that causes liver inflammation and damage.
This section contains comprehensive information on key topics related to the work of the who global hepatitis programme. Other viruses may also cause hepatitis, such as the yellow fever virus and the virus that causes glandular fever. However, it does not seem to cause either acute or chronic hepatitis. The main clinical features of the three types of viral hepatitis are similar with the most common features being fatigue, abdominal discomfort, jaundice yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, and loss of appetite. Hav, hbv, hcv, the hbvassociated delta agent or hepatitis d virus hdv and hev. The incidence and types of viral hepatitis in the city of newcastle upon tyne have been studied by serological analysis of a all blood samples sent to the virological laboratory for hepatitis. It is transmitted persontoperson through the fecaloral route or through exposure to contaminated food or water. Being part of the bulimia recovery program brp has been an integral part of my own success. Hepatitis a and hepatitis b can be prevented by vaccination. Like hepatitis b, hepatitis c causes swelling of the liver and can cause liver damage that can lead to cancer.
Most people who get hepatitis b can get rid of the virus on their own. Acute viral hepatitis can cause anything from a minor flulike illness to fatal liver failure. The most common types of viral hepatitis are a, b, and c. All humans contract multiple viruses throughout the course of life. The condition can be selflimiting or can progress to fibrosis scarring, cirrhosis or liver cancer. The five common types of hepatitis are caused by a viral infection, but there are other possible causes of hepatitis.
The national health profile 2016 identified viral hepatitis to contribute to 3% of all deaths related to. It is a major public health issue in the united states and worldwide. Hepatitis a is a vaccinepreventable, acute, selflimited illness characterized by fever, malaise, jaundice, anorexia, and nausea. Introduction viral hepatitis, refers to infections that affect the liver and are caused by viruses. Symptoms of acute viral hepatitis include fatigue, flulike symptoms, dark urine, lightcolored stools, fever, and jaundice. The most common causes of viral hepatitis are the five unrelated hepatotropic viruses hepatitis a, hepatitis b, hepatitis c, hepatitis d, and hepatitis e. Micrograph showing ground glass hepatocytes, which are seen in chronic hepatitis b infections a type of viral hepatitis, and represent accumulations of viral antigen in the endoplasmic reticulum. Infection with any of these three viruses can lead to life.
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